Radiophone was introduced at the end of 1940s in US that installed in cars and allow to connect mobile users to the public fixed network.

Mobile phones with direct dialing have existed since 1950s.

The first cellular systems was based on Improved Mobile Telephone Service (IMTS), which was launched by Bell Systems in 1960s. It improves direct dialing and higher bandwidth.

In 1971, ARP network was launched in Finland launched, which is viewed as Zeroth Generation (0G) network.